Boom and Bailout
So, you are in charge of investing $4.5 billion.
excerpted from the book
Corporate Predators
by Russel Mokhiber and Robert Weissman
Common Courage Press, 1999
You hire two Nobel Prize economists to generate computer models
on how to invest in world bond markets.
You borrow billions more and put down a big chunk on a bet
that differentials between certain world bond prices, out of kilter
because of the global crunch, will revert to their historic levels.
They don't. You lose $4 billion.
Your clients-who needed to pony up $10 million just to be
in your hedge fund-are apoplectic. They call. They want to know
what the hell is going on.
Boom and bust?
Don't be silly. That's capitalism for the small guy. If we
go to Atlantic City or Las Vegas, make a bundle and then lose
it all, then that's boom and bust. For the rich, it's boom and
bailout.
So, you're John Meriwether, the bond trader who was forced
to leave Salomon Brothers in 1991 after a trading scandal.
And you leave to start Long Term Capital. And for the first
couple of years, you are making 30 percent return on investment
for your millionaire friends. And they are loving it. And then
you lose the $4 billion.
Who do you call?
The Federal Reserve Board-bailout central.
So it was that on a late August day, New York Federal Reserve
Bank President William J. McDonough received a phone call from
Meriwether and bailout fix-it man supreme David W. Mullins Jr.,
the architect of the bailout of the savings and loans under President
Bush.
Big institutional investors in the hedge fund-Merrill Lynch
& Co., Goldman Sachs & Co., Bear, Stearns & Co. and
Bankers Trust Corp.-were also calling begging for a bailout.
These companies were of course seeking to save their own skin.
But McDonough put forth the official spin before a House of Representatives
Committee earlier this month.
"Everyone I spoke to that day volunteered concern about
the serious effect the deteriorating situation of Long Term Capital
could have on world markets," McDonough said.
Ah yes, world markets. And so McDonough calls Fed Chair Alan
Greenspan and Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin and a bailout is
arranged.
Former Lehman Brothers partner and current financial columnist
Michael Thomas is right-it was improper for the Federal Reserve
to arrange a private bailout. If Merrill Lynch and Goldman Sachs
want to protect their behinds by arranging for a private bailout,
fine. But the Fed should have stayed out of it.
Or, as former Fed Chair Paul Volcker asked in a speech, "Why
should the weight of the Federal Government be brought to bear
to help out a private investor?"
"Capitalists now all want it one way," Thomas says.
"They want to do whatever the hell they feel like, but let
someone else pay. It's called privatizing the profits and socializing
the risks."
Hedge funds, which make complicated financial bets with millions
and billions of borrowed dollars and are almost totally unregulated,
do indeed pose risks to the economy. Because of the nature of
their gambles, they can lose huge amounts of money, leaving investors
holding the bag (absent a bailout). Even worse, they leverage
borrowed money to exert extraordinary influence over markets,
and cause serious problems when they overreact en masse to new
fads. (That's a big part of why the value of the dollar has plunged
recently, for example.)
But these are reasons why hedge funds must be subjected to
regulatory discipline-not an argument for why high rollers deserve
government-orchestrated bailouts.
With the global financial system in frenetic disarray, Long
Term Capital is not likely to be the last financial player to
go bust. If the government is not able to act quickly to rein
in hedge funds and other unbridled financial activities, it should
at least declare that no bailouts will follow in the wake of Long
Term Capital. Each bailout makes the next one more likely, as
investors are given implicit assurances that they will not have
to face the down side of risky bets gone bad.
The gamblers in Atlantic City don't get this kind of treatment.
Neither should those on Wall Street.
Corporate Predators